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An optical fiber is a flexible or straightforward fiber made by drawing glass silica or plastic to diameter , somewhat thicker that of a human hair.optical fiber are most often is mean to transmit light between two end of fiber and find wide use in optical fiber communication.where they allow transmission over longer separations and at higher transfer speeds than electrical links. Filaments are utilized rather than metal wires since signals travel along them with less misfortune; likewise, strands are safe to electromagnetic obstruction, an issue from which metal wires endure too much. Strands are likewise utilized for brightening and imaging, and are regularly enclosed by packs so they might be utilized to convey light into, or pictures out of bound spaces, as on account of a fiber scope. Uncommonly composed strands are additionally utilized for an assortment of different applications, some of them being fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers.

Optical filaments ordinarily incorporate a center encompassed by a straightforward cladding material with a lower record of refraction. Light is kept in the center by the marvel of aggregate inner reflection which makes the fiber go about as a wave guide. Filaments that help numerous spread ways or transverse modes are called multi-mode strands, while those that help a solitary mode are called single-mode filaments  Multi-mode strands by and large have a more extensive center breadth and are utilized for short-remove correspondence joins and for applications where high power must be transmitted.Single-mode filaments are utilized for most correspondence interfaces longer than 1,000 meters 3,300 ft